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Indentured servitude in Virginia
Indentured servitude in continental North America began in the Colony of Virginia in 1609. Initially created as means of funding voyages for European workers to the New World, the institution dwindled over time as the labor force was replaced with enslaved Africans. Servitude became a central institution in the economy and society of many parts of colonial British America. Abbot Emerson Smith, a leading historian of indentured servitude during the colonial period, estimated that between one-half and two-thirds of all white immigrants to the British colonies between the Puritan migration of the 1630s and the Revolution came under indenture. For the colony of Virginia, specifically, more than two-thirds of all white immigrants arrived as indentured servants.
==Origins==
Indentured servitude first appeared in use in Virginia in 1609. Lands newly acquired from Powhatan Indians by white settlers required large amounts of tedious labor in order to transform into profit-producing tobacco farms.
The most critical economic problem facing early investors in the Virginia Company and the settlers they sent to North America was recruiting and motivating an adequate labor force. Initial efforts to build a labor force yielded disappointing results. Passage fares to Virginia in the early seventeenth century were high relative to the annual wages of English servants in husbandry or hired agricultural laborers. Few prospective migrants were able to pay the cost of their voyage out of their own accumulated savings. To resolve this issue, the Virginia Company decided to use its own funds to advance the cost of passage to prospective settlers. The Company’s advance took the form of a loan to the migrants, who contracted to repay this debt out of their net earnings in America. The Company went on to design three different forms of servitude contracts.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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